It has also highlighted the need for longer-term planning in a city where climate change will exacerbate the technical, legal and institutional challenges of delivering water across high levels of inequality.The City of Cape Town has expended significant effort in raising the supply of water. The Cape Town Drought Response Film Library is a unique resource, created by conducting and filming in-depth interviews with the key societal actors across a wide variety of sectors involved in the city’s drought response. In February 2018, the City increased restrictions to Level 6B limiting usage to 50 litres per person per day.Residential and agricultural water usage declined significantly under the new restrictions.Good winter rains in 2018 resulted in dam levels rising, but the national Department of Water and Sanitation announced that bulk water restrictions would remain in place until levels reached 85 percent.The immediate cause of the water crisis was the extreme drought from 2015–2017 that exceeded the planning norms of the Department of Water and Sanitation. Flooding is a common hazard in Nezahualcoyotl, a Mexican city just outside the nation’s capital.
The by-laws also specify that water efficient fittings approved by the South African Bureau of Standards should be provided for all new developments and renovations.The City increased water restrictions to Level 3B on 1 February 2017 and by the end of the dry season in May 2017, the drought was declared the City's worst in a century, with storage in dams being less than 10 percent of their usable capacity.With the dry summer season approaching, the City increased its existing water restrictions to Level 4B on 1st July 2017, and to Level 5 on 3 September 2017, banning outdoor and non-essential use of water, encouraging the use of By early October 2017, following a low rainfall winter, Cape Town had an estimated five months of storage available before water levels would be depleted.On 1 January 2018 the City declared Level 6 water restrictions of 87 litres per person per day. Some have even questioned the existence of a water crisis, and downplayed "Day Zero" as a scare tactic.The Cape Town water crisis have laid bare the water distributional inequalities in the city. "Water requirements or water demands?" Public health companies, research centres and health providers were also worried about the impact that the water crisis could have had on health services. The Cape Town water crisis in South Africa was a period of severe water shortage in the Western Cape region, most notably affecting the City of Cape Town.While dam water levels had been declining since 2015, the Cape Town water crisis peaked during mid-2017 to mid-2018 when water levels hovered between 15 and 30 percent of total dam capacity. Thankfully, in 2018 the region had a relatively bountiful rainy season, Cape Town's Drought & Water Scarcity.
"Fees and governance: Towards sustainability in water resources management at schools in post-apartheid South Africa", Smith, L., & Hanson, S. (2003). the city's water supply. "Access to water for the urban poor in Cape Town: where equity meets cost recovery." Emergency shower and eyewash stations are an essential part of workplace safety for many laboratories and factories. Water restrictions varied from 50 percent in the In January 2018, the DA announced that Cape Town Mayor Booysen, M. J., & Visser, M., & Burger R. (2019). Fire suppression system might also have failed due to reduced water pressure in higher lying areas.There has been attempts to both increase the supply and reduce the demand for water in the Western Cape Water Supply System. "Temporal case study of household behavioural response to Cape Town’s Day Zero using smart meter data" Muller, M. (2008). A steady supply of water is necessary in the event of harmful chemical exposure.