This review summarizes the current status of a human WNV vaccine and discusses reasons for the lack of clinically advanced product candidates. tarsalis, test data by county.
Supplied By: Merck (192936) SKU 061226. West Nile Virus (WNV) is a member of the flavivirus genus and belongs to the Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex of the family Flaviviridae. Print. In 2017 and 2018, we screened 1709 live wild and zoo birds with real-time polymerase chain reaction and serological assays. Challenges for vaccinationEffect of dengue serostatus on dengue vaccine safety and efficacyDemonstrating vaccine effectiveness during a waning epidemic: A WHO/NIH meeting report on approaches to development and licensure of Zika vaccine candidatesClinical development strategies and considerations for zika vaccine licensureEstablishing efficacy of human products using animals: the US food and drug administration’s “animal rule”Yellow fever vaccine: direct challenge of monkeys given graded doses of 17D vaccineVaccine-induced protection of rhesus macaques against plasma viremia after intradermal infection with a European lineage 1 strain of West Nile virusCost effectiveness of a targeted age-based West Nile virus vaccination programIdentification of genetic variants associated with dengue or West Nile virus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysisLocalization and characterization of flavivirus envelope glycoprotein cross-reactive epitopesLatest developments and challenges in the diagnosis of human West Nile virus infectionAntibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus growth in human monocytes as a risk factor for dengue hemorrhagic feverImmunity to dengue virus: a tale of original antigenic sin and tropical cytokine stormsAntibody-dependent enhancement and zika: real threat or phantom menace?Dengue virus sero-cross-reactivity drives antibody-dependent enhancement of infection with zika virusZika virus activates de novo and cross-reactive memory B cell responses in dengue-experienced donorsImpact of preexisting dengue immunity on Zika virus emergence in a dengue endemic regionPrior dengue virus infection and risk of Zika: A pediatric cohort in NicaraguaFlaviviruses in Europe: complex circulation patterns and their consequences for the diagnosis and control of West Nile diseaseEnhancement of Zika virus pathogenesis by preexisting antiflavivirus immunityTick-borne encephalitis virus vaccine-induced human antibodies mediate negligible enhancement of zika virus infection invitro and in a mouse modelZika virus infection confers protection against West Nile virus challenge in miceFeasibility of cross-protective vaccination against flaviviruses of the Japanese encephalitis serocomplexA detailed mutagenesis study of flavivirus cross-reactive epitopes using West Nile virus-like particlesRecombinant envelope-proteins with mutations in the conserved fusion loop allow specific serological diagnosis of dengue-infectionsModified mRNA vaccines protect against zika virus infectionDistinguishing West Nile virus infection using a recombinant envelope protein with mutations in the conserved fusion-loopA DNA vaccine encoding the E protein of West Nile virus is protective and can be boosted by recombinant domain DIIIImmunization with West Nile virus envelope domain III protects mice against lethal infection with homologous and heterologous virusA plant-produced vaccine protects mice against lethal West Nile virus infection without enhancing Zika or dengue virus infectivitySingle-chain HLA-A2 MHC trimers that incorporate an immundominant peptide elicit protective T cell immunity against lethal West Nile virus infectionAn exosome-based vaccine platform imparts cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunity against viral antigens However, there are possible ways to address and overcome these obstacles: to increase cost-effectiveness, the vaccine candidates need to be optimized for low production costs and long lasting effectiveness upon a single dose vaccine regimen. Immunological cross-reactivity between WNV and other flaviviruses in serological diagnosis is well described.A potential way to address the issue of cross-reactivity-induced ADE is the elimination of some of the conserved sequences from the vaccine.
In 2005, the U.S. Department of Agriculture licensed a DNA vaccine to prevent WNV in horses, and since then, at least four other types of WNV vaccines have been approved for use in horses.
50% of the study participants.